动词不定式的作用和动词不定式的特殊用法

动词不定式的作用和动词不定式的特殊用法
动词不定式是一种非限定动词形式,可以在句子中充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等,通常由“to + 动词原形”构成。
具体来说,动词不定式的用法如下:
作主语。如:To learn English is very important.学英语很重要。
作宾语。如:I want to go to the park.我想去公园。
作表语。如:My dream is to become a doctor.我的梦想是成为一名医生。
作定语。如:The book to be read is on the desk.要读的书在桌子上。
作状语。如:I went to the park for fun.我为了好玩去了公园。
1. 动词不定式的作用
句子成分 用法 例句
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式,为避免"头重脚轻"常用it作形式主语。常用句型有:
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间" To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。

作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan,decide,learn, agree, try, remember,    forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等

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think,find,believe等动词可用于"动词+it+adj.+to do sth."句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。

I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。
作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语,两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有:time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me  a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗?
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗?
作状语 不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。 To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。
作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。
2.不定式的特殊用法
    ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to。此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时,省略的to则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。
►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone.我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
   ③常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday.昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。

适当形式填空(单句适当形式) 
1. He didn’t finish                (read) the book until last week.
2. His sister decided                (not write) to him again
3. They will go to the station                (meet) the guests.
4. Sorry, I forgot                (return) your CD today. I’ll give it to you tomorrow.
5. Mary is heard                (sing) English songs every morning.
6. There must be something wrong with my TV set. I’ll have it                (repair).
7. Noodles are my favorite. But I don’t like                (eat) them when I feel sick.
8. Mr. King is usually seen                (go) shopping with his wife.
9. The broken bike needs                (repair) at once.
10. He promised                (send) me the bill as soon as possible.
11. She couldn’t help                (smile) at the words.
12. Would you mind my                (open) the windows?
13. It’s no use                (ask) him about it.
14. The boy kept                 (wait) outside the hole for about ten minutes.
15. Every morning my grandpa spends half an hour                 (water) the flowers.
16. We’re so much looking forward to                 (see) you again.
17. I can read many books every month, and I think most of them are worth                 (read).
18. This problem is a bit hard. Let me                 (think)it over.
19. Who can make the child                 (stop) crying?
20. Did you have your homework                 (finish)?
1. reading 2. not to write
3. to meet 4. to return
5. to sing 6. repaired
7. to eat 8. to go
9. repairing/to be repaired 10. to send
11. smiling 12. opening
13. asking 14. waiting
15. watering 16. seeing
17. reading 18. think
19. stop 20. finished

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